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<html lang="en" class="hexml-course s2e"><!--[if lt IE 8]> <html class="oldie"> <![endif]--><!--Generated at Wed, 12 Oct 2022 23:23:13 +0000--><head><meta name="author" content='["Carole Dobrich"]'><meta name="course" content="MA03"><meta name="topic" content="4.1"><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="copyright" content="2022 Health e-Learning"><meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=0"><link rel="stylesheet" href="//static.health-e-learning.com/jigsaw/design/hexml.pack.css?v=1665616993" type="text/css"><script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="//static.health-e-learning.com/jigsaw/design/hexml.pack.js?v=1665616993"></script><title>MA03: The chemistry of feeding</title></head><body class="loading"><div class="ajax-modal Fixed"></div><div class="watermark"><span>Health e-Learning</span></div><div id="access"><a href="#access" accesskey="a">Access Keys</a><a href="#menu" accesskey="m">Skip to Menu</a><a href="#content" accesskey="c">Skip to Content</a><a href="#footer" accesskey="f">Skip to Footer</a></div><div id="nav"><span class="nav-menu">Maintaining BFHI Education for Nurses and Midwives - Series 2</span><a id="hamburger" href="#"><span class="hamburger hamburger--collapse"><span class="hamburger-box"><span class="hamburger-inner"></span></span></span></a><div class="progress-container"><div id="myBar" class="progress-bar"></div></div></div><nav id="menu"><ol><li><a href="topic_1-0.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">1.0 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Introduction</span></a></li><li><a href="topic_2-0.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">2.0 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Protection of Breastfeeding [Domain 1]</span></a><ol><li><a href="topic_2-1.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">2.1 </span><span class="menu-item-title">A Code History Timeline</span></a></li><li><a href="topic_2-2.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">2.2 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Marketing - the role of the International Code</span></a></li></ol></li><li><a href="topic_3-0.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">3.0 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Understanding the importance of skin-to-skin</span></a><ol><li><a href="topic_3-1.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">3.1 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Infant innate behaviours</span></a></li><li><a href="topic_3-2.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">3.2 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Skin-to-skin and the role of the Health Worker</span></a></li><li><a href="topic_3-3.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">3.3 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Addressing barriers to skin-to-skin</span></a></li><li><a href="topic_3-4.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">3.4 </span><span class="menu-item-title">The loving relationship</span></a></li></ol></li><li><a href="topic_4-0.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">4.0 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Postnatal Interventions</span></a><ol><li class="current mm-selected"><a href="topic_4-1.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">4.1 <i class="fa fa-caret-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span><span class="menu-item-title">The chemistry of feeding</span></a></li></ol></li><li><a href="topic_5-0.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">5.0 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Special needs and infant challenges [Domain 6]</span></a><ol><li><a href="topic_5-1.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">5.1 </span><span class="menu-item-title">The 'late preterm' 'early term' baby</span></a></li><li><a href="topic_5-2.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">5.2 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Ankyloglossia</span></a></li></ol></li><li><a href="topic_6-0.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">6.0 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Managing common difficulties</span></a><ol><li><a href="topic_6-1.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">6.1 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Engorgement</span></a></li><li><a href="topic_6-2.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">6.2 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Hyperlactation</span></a></li></ol></li><li><a href="topic_7-0.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">7.0 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Supplementation</span></a><ol><li><a href="topic_7-1.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">7.1 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Feeding-line device at the breast or chest</span></a></li><li><a href="topic_7-2.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">7.2 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Cup feeding</span></a></li><li><a href="topic_7-3.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">7.3 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Finger Feeding</span></a></li></ol></li><li><a href="topic_8-0.html"><span class="menu-item-icon">8.0 </span><span class="menu-item-title">Closing session</span></a><hr></li><li class="appendix"><a href="references.html"><span class="menu-item-icon no-topic"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-book i-topic"></i></span><span class="menu-item-title">List of references</span></a></li><li class="appendix"><a href="contents.html"><span class="menu-item-icon no-topic"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-file-text-o i-topic"></i></span><span class="menu-item-title">Course contents</span></a></li><li class="appendix"><a href="full.html"><span class="menu-item-icon no-topic"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-print i-topic"></i></span><span class="menu-item-title">Print version</span></a></li></ol></nav><div id="content"><h1 id="top">4.1 The chemistry of feeding</h1><div class="box"><div class="box-title"><a href="https://www.health-e-learning.com/resources/articles/falling-in-love" target="_blank"><img src="//static.health-e-learning.com/jigsaw/design/article.png" class="icon" alt=""></a><h3><a href="https://www.health-e-learning.com/resources/articles/falling-in-love" target="_blank">Falling in Love</a></h3></div> <div class="captionBox"><a href="https://www.health-e-learning.com/resources/articles/falling-in-love" target="_blank" title="https://www.health-e-learning.com/resources/articles/falling-in-love"><img width="871" height="543" data-src="images/falling_in_love.jpg" src="//static.health-e-learning.com/jigsaw/design/lazy_image.gif" alt="https://www.health-e-learning.com/resources/articles/falling-in-love"></a><p>Click on graphic for a larger image. https://www.health-e-learning.com/resources/articles/falling-in-love</p></div> </div><section class="section" id="Effect_on_breastfeeding"><h2>Effect on breastfeeding</h2> <div class="content-node"> <p>Learning is a dimension of behavior and physiology, and the human neonate has evolved to learn how to suckle when in skin-to-skin contact.</p> <p>Most babies (27 out of 34) who were separated from their mothers after 19 minutes for routine weighing procedures and then returned for feeding either refused to suckle or demonstrated superficial nipple sucking techniques. The difference between the two groups (one group remained in skin-to-skin contact) inability to attach to the breast and suckle correctly for effective milk removal was significant (p&gt;0.001).</p> </div> </section><section class="section" id="Washing_mother_birthing_parent_or_newborn"><h2>Washing mother/birthing parent or newborn</h2> <div class="content-node"> <p>Washing the mother/birthing parent and/or baby is also to be discouraged. Infants localize the nipple by smell and have a heightened response to odor cues in the first few hours after birth. When one of the mother's/birthing parent's breasts is washed after birthing 22 out of 30 infants preferentially self-attached to the unwashed breast.</p> </div> </section><div class="box"><div class="box-title"><h3>The Calming Effect of Human Milk</h3></div> <div class="content-node"> <p> <img alt="External" src="//static.health-e-learning.com/jigsaw/design/external.gif"><a href="https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/bfm.2020.0116" title="External link" target="_blank">The Calming Effect of Maternal Breast Milk Odor on Term Infant: A Randomized Controlled Trial</a> </p> <p> <em>In particular, the olfactory system is more susceptible than the other senses at birth. In a few short minutes after delivery, the head of a human newborn spontaneously turns to the maternal chest and makes a directional leaning toward the mother's nipple to start sucking. There is proof that the odor of newborns' mothers, especially maternal milk odor, obviously and positively affects the behavior of newborns.</em> </p> </div> <div class="content-node"> <p> <img alt="External" src="//static.health-e-learning.com/jigsaw/design/external.gif"><a href="https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/bfm.2017.0188" title="External link" target="_blank">The Impact of Preterm Infants' Continuous Exposure to Breast Milk Odor on Stress Parameters: A Pilot Study</a> </p> <p> <em>Preterm infants exposed to BM odor from their own mothers demonstrate a persistent decrease in saliva cortisol levels, which continues after termination of the intervention. This finding may suggest that exposure to own mothers' BM odor has a soothing effect on preterm infants. Further randomized controlled studies are needed to evaluate this simple, safe, and inexpensive intervention.</em> </p> </div> </div><section class="section" id="Suctioning_of_the_newborn"><h2>Suctioning of the newborn</h2> <div class="content-node"> <p>Oral aversion as an outcome of routine oropharyngeal or gastric suctioning or intubation is often cited by clinicians as a cause of breastfeeding difficulty, but little research is available to confirm this. What the research does show is that based on a review of the literature and current national and international guidelines, the conclusion is that routine use of Oronasopharyngeal suction after birth is not indicated for vigorous, term infants with clear or meconium-stained fluid and it may actually be harmful.<em></em></p> <p>Fortunately routine oral and gastric suctioning is no longer recommended, its effects proving to be harmful to more than just the infant's ability to suck.<em></em></p> <p>Wiping the normal newborn's face, mouth, and nose with a towel is all that is required at birth.<em></em></p> <p>Gastric suctioning, involving the passage of a tube into the neonate's stomach and aspiration of the contents, has been linked to a delay in infant pre-feeding behaviours<cite> </cite>and an increased prevalence of functional intestinal disorders in later life.</p> </div> </section><div></div><div id="activitybox"><div class="activity" id="activity_q">
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<h1>Self-test Quiz</h1></div></div><script type="text/javascript">renderActivity('q');</script><div class="box"><div class="box-title"><h3>Note on parent vs. birthing parent, adoption, different family/gender</h3></div> <div class="content-node"> <p>The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative global documents and resources foresee a scenario where the infant is gestated and born to a woman who is also genetically their mother and who will be their parent. While this is the most common situation you will encounter, it is worth keeping mind that families are created and live together in many different ways.<img alt="PDF" src="//static.health-e-learning.com/jigsaw/design/page_white_acrobat.png"><a href="https://static.step2education.com/m/Inclusivity_Statement.pdf" target="_blank"> Step 2 Education's Inclusivity Statement</a></p> <p>It will not always be the case that the person who gives birth to the infant will be the one who will be their parent or the only or even primary parent who breastfeeds / chestfeeds or provides human milk. Skin-to-skin contact and early postpartum care will need to be adapted to the needs and plans of each family unit, while aiming to achieve a plan that meets global infant feeding recommendations of early initiation, exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months and continued breastfeeding to age 2 and beyond.</p> </div> </div><div class="box"><div class="box-title"><h3>What should I remember?</h3></div> <div class="content-node"> <ul> <li>where the normal place to care for a newborn is from immediately after birth and for several hours following</li> <li>the behavioural state and physiological response of the infant who is wrapped up and separated from his/her birthing parent</li> <li>the effect of separation of mother/birthing parent and infant, even for a short time, on his/her ability to breastfeed</li> <li>that changing detrimental routine practices is possible when you work together</li> </ul> </div> </div><div id="footer"><a href="topic_4-0.html" rel="prev" class="prev">&laquo; Prev</a><a href="topic_5-0.html" rel="next" class="next">Next &raquo;</a><br style="clear: both"><div class="floating-menu"><button class="theme-toggle" title="Toggle colors (dark or light)"><i class="fa fa-moon-o"></i></button><button class="gotoTop" title="Back to top"><i class="fa fa-chevron-up"></i></button></div><a href="javascript:%20window.print()" id="printLink">Print this page</a><span class="noPrint"> | </span>&copy; 2022 Health e-Learning<p class="printOnly">COPYRIGHT: You are permitted to print ONE (1) copy for your personal use only. No graphics, tables, quizzes, videos, etc, may be used in any form without express written consent. Author: ["Carole Dobrich"]</p><p class="dateUpdated">Updated on Wed, 12 Oct 2022 23:23:13 +0000</p></div></div></body></html>
