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    <meta name="author" content="Denise Fisher" />
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      <h1 id="top">6.0 A time to learn</h1>
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    <p> Currently in developed countries, many mothers have little experience of caring for babies and children before they have their own first child. Health education is an important role for health professionals. Antenatal education and postnatal support significantly increases the incidence of breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding to six months.<sup><a href="#note1">1</a></sup><br /></p>
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      <div class="section" id="How_to_provide_education_effectively"><h2>How to provide education effectively</h2>
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      <p>The perinatal period is filled with so many new experiences for women, and postnatal hospitalisation is short, therefore it is important to target educational interventions effectively. It is not effective to just give educational materials, either antenatally or postnatally, without a discussion with the mother of their contents.</p>
      <p> Asking people direct questions about how they learn leads towards four primary processes being involved in an overlapping way. </p>
      <p class="listTitle">These can be summarized as follows:</p>
      <ol>
        <li>wanting to learn (motivation, thirst for knowledge)</li>
        <li>learning by doing (practice, trial and error)</li>
        <li>learning from feedback (midwife/nurse's comments, seeing the results)</li>
        <li>digesting (making sense of what has been learned)</li>
      </ol>
      <p class="listTitle">Asking people further questions about where and when they learn reveals that most people consider they learn best:</p>
      <ul>
        <li>at their own pace (allow plenty of time for questions, return demonstrations, etc)</li>
        <li>at times and places of their own choosing (privacy may be important, or when less tired)</li>
        <li>often with other people around, especially fellow learners (a group of new mothers, or her partner)</li>
        <li>when they feel in control of their learning</li>
      </ul>
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    <table class="callout"><thead><tr class="decoRow"><td class="topleft" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_01.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topcenter" style="background: repeat-x url(design/callout_02.png);"><img src="design/callout_02.png" width="59" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topright" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_03.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td></tr></thead><tfoot><tr class="decoRow"><td class="topleft" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_07.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topcenter" style="background-image: url(design/callout_08.png);"><img src="design/callout_08.png" width="59" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topright" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_09.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td></tr></tfoot><tbody><tr><td class="middleleft" style="background: repeat-y url(design/callout_04.png);"><img src="design/callout_04.png" width="10" height="80" alt="" /></td><td class="body"><img src="design/books.png" class="icon" alt="" /><h3>Workbook Activity 6.1</h3><p>Complete Activity 6.1 in your workbook.</p></td><td class="middleright" style="background: repeat-y url(design/callout_06.png);"><img src="design/callout_06.png" width="10" height="80" alt="" /></td></tr></tbody></table>
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      <p class="listTitle">Individuals also have an inclination to a preferred style of learning experience.</p>
      <ul>
        <li>Auditory learners use their sense of hearing as their primary means of absorbing information eg. discussions, hearing of others' experiences, story telling.</li>
        <li>Visual learners relate to pictures, demonstrations, videos and written materials.</li>
        <li>Kinesthetic (kinaesthetic) learners like activities which involve them fully eg. practicing the skill taught, return demonstrations, etc.</li>
      </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="captionBox"><img width="500" height="432" src="images/posn_prac500SC.jpg" alt="Two pregnant woman learn about positioning using dolls." /><p>Two pregnant woman learn about positioning using dolls. <br />Photograph &copy;  S.Cox, IBCLC</p></div>
    <table class="callout"><thead><tr class="decoRow"><td class="topleft" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_01.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topcenter" style="background: repeat-x url(design/callout_02.png);"><img src="design/callout_02.png" width="59" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topright" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_03.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td></tr></thead><tfoot><tr class="decoRow"><td class="topleft" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_07.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topcenter" style="background-image: url(design/callout_08.png);"><img src="design/callout_08.png" width="59" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topright" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_09.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td></tr></tfoot><tbody><tr><td class="middleleft" style="background: repeat-y url(design/callout_04.png);"><img src="design/callout_04.png" width="10" height="80" alt="" /></td><td class="body"><img src="design/thinker.gif" class="icon" alt="" /><h3>Clinical application</h3>
      <div>
        <p> Educational materials should be presented in a variety of formats. For example:</p>
        <p> To teach a mother how to position and latch her baby to the breast</p>
        <ul>
          <li> she may view a video with other mothers (pre/postnatal)<br /></li>
          <li> discuss a leaflet showing the technique (pre/postnatal)</li>
          <li>be given a demonstration using a doll (prenatal)<br /></li>
          <li> then (after birth of the baby), be supervised privately as she positions and latches her baby and receive feedback from the nurse as well as noting how it feels to have her baby well latched and suckling.</li>
        </ul>
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      <div class="section" id="Postnatal_education"><h2>Postnatal education</h2>
    <div>
      <p> When all the information required to be covered in Step 3 and Point 3 (<a href="topic_3-0.html">see 3.0 Pregnancy Care</a>) is covered during the prenatal period, the emotion-laden postnatal period can be used more effectively for </p>
      <ul>
        <li> practical help - eg. positioning, latching, breast expression </li>
        <li> educational messages about feeding patterns, maintaining exclusive breastfeeding, baby behavior, recognizing abnormalities, and </li>
        <li> psychological support. </li>
      </ul>
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            <td class="body"><img src="design/tip.png" class="icon" alt="" /><h3>Learning happens best when...</h3>
    <div>
      <ol>
        <li>the mother is needing/wanting to know</li>
        <li>the information is presented in a manner which encompasses her learning style</li>
        <li>she receives feedback that allows her to digest (or reflect) on what she has learned</li>
      </ol>
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      <div class="section" id="What_should_I_remember_"><h2>What should I remember?</h2>
    <table class="callout"><thead><tr class="decoRow"><td class="topleft" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_01.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topcenter" style="background: repeat-x url(design/callout_02.png);"><img src="design/callout_02.png" width="59" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topright" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_03.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td></tr></thead><tfoot><tr class="decoRow"><td class="topleft" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_07.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topcenter" style="background-image: url(design/callout_08.png);"><img src="design/callout_08.png" width="59" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topright" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_09.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td></tr></tfoot><tbody><tr><td class="middleleft" style="background: repeat-y url(design/callout_04.png);"><img src="design/callout_04.png" width="10" height="80" alt="" /></td><td class="body"><img src="design/remember.png" class="icon" alt="" /><h3></h3>
      <div>
        <ul>
          <li>The effective learning circumstances for most people.</li>
          <li>When and where mothers are likely to prefer to learn.</li>
          <li>How to apply effective learning style to your workplace.</li>
        </ul>
        <br />
      </div>
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      <div class="section" id="Self-test_quiz"><h2>Self-test quiz</h2>
    <table class="callout"><thead><tr class="decoRow"><td class="topleft" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_01.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topcenter" style="background: repeat-x url(design/callout_02.png);"><img src="design/callout_02.png" width="59" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topright" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_03.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td></tr></thead><tfoot><tr class="decoRow"><td class="topleft" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_07.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topcenter" style="background-image: url(design/callout_08.png);"><img src="design/callout_08.png" width="59" height="10" alt="" /></td><td class="topright" style="width: 10px"><img src="design/callout_09.png" width="10" height="10" alt="" /></td></tr></tfoot><tbody><tr><td class="middleleft" style="background: repeat-y url(design/callout_04.png);"><img src="design/callout_04.png" width="10" height="80" alt="" /></td><td class="body"><h3></h3>
      <div></div><div class="activity" id="activity_p">
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	new MCQ('When educational materials are developed for mothers, how can they be used most effectively?', [{text:'Display them in a public place for the mother to choose the ones most appropriate to her.',feedback:'She\'s unlikely to take them',score:0},{text:'Ensure every mother is given the appropriate materials in a pack after the birth of her baby.',feedback:'Busy, tired mothers are unlikely to look at them or even know that what she needs is in the pack.',score:0},{text:'Give an appropriate leaflet to a mother at the time she needs it and discuss its content with her.',feedback:'Yes. It\'s obvious really isn\'t it? Give it when it\'s needed and discuss it when you do.',score:1},{text:'Written materials are rarely effective.',feedback:'That\'s not true.',score:0}]),
	new MCQ('When a woman\'s learning style is predominantly described as kinesthetic (kinaesthetic) which of the following would be the best way for her to learn how to hand express her breastmilk?', [{text:'watch a video or another mother hand expressing breastmilk',feedback:'No. This would suit a visual learner best.',score:0},{text:'have her health professional discuss what she is doing as she hand expresses the mother',feedback:'No, not the best method for this mother.',score:0},{text:'listen to instructions given to her by her health professional',feedback:'No, this is auditory, not kinaesthetic',score:0},{text:'express her breastmilk herself with her health professional guiding her as she does it',feedback:'Yes. Kinaesthetic learners learn best by doing.',score:1}]),
	new MCQ('In order for the mother to gain maximum benefit from new information, effective education programs are characterized by being provided at a time when the mother desires to gain new knowledge and when feedback and comments are offered by the educator.With this in mind, what would best assist a new mother in hospital to effectively learn about normal breastfeeding behavior and sleep patterns during the early weeks ahead?', [{text:'Arrange for her to see the paediatrician at 4-6 weeks post partum.',feedback:'The paediatrician may be very helpful and supportive, however, the mother needs this information a lot earlier than 4-6 weeks.',score:0},{text:'Encourage her attendance at the daily discussion group morning tea for postnatal mothers to attend with their babies.',feedback:'Learning with other mothers who will be needing the same information will promote good discussion opportunities for greater understanding of infant behaviours.',score:1},{text:'Ask the mother to fill out a questionaire which measures her understanding of newborn infant feeding patterns.',feedback:'I don\'t think this will help at all and it does not provide any information to the mother. She will feel like her knowledge is being tested.',score:0},{text:'Give an information bundle to the mother for her to read when she is home and direct her to the Helpline telephone number.',feedback:'Good quality, relevant written material should be given to enhance other visual and practical learning; however, this alone would be unsatisfactory to maximise her learning experience.',score:0}])
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    </td><td class="middleright" style="background: repeat-y url(design/callout_06.png);"><img src="design/callout_06.png" width="10" height="80" alt="" /></td></tr></tbody></table>
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      <div id="footnotes">
        <h3>Notes</h3>
        <ol>
          <li id="note1"><a href="references.html#sull07" title="See full details">#</a> Su LL et al. (2007) Antenatal education and postnatal support strategies for improving rates of exclusive breast feeding: randomised controlled trial</li>
        </ol>
      </div>
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      <h1>Breastfeeding Essentials</h1>
      <ol>
        <li>1.0 <a href="topic_1-0.html">Why Breastfeeding is Important</a><ol><li>1.1 <a href="topic_1-1.html">Biochemistry</a></li><li>1.2 <a href="topic_1-2.html">Immunology</a></li><li>1.3 <a href="topic_1-3.html">Relative risks</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>2.0 <a href="topic_2-0.html">Communication Skills</a><ol><li>2.1 <a href="topic_2-1.html">Non-verbal</a></li><li>2.2 <a href="topic_2-2.html">Listening skills</a></li><li>2.3 <a href="topic_2-3.html">Building confidence</a></li><li>2.4 <a href="topic_2-4.html">An example</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>3.0 <a href="topic_3-0.html">Pregnancy Care</a><ol><li>3.1 <a href="topic_3-1.html">The feeding decision</a></li><li>3.2 <a href="topic_3-2.html">The barriers</a></li><li>3.3 <a href="topic_3-3.html">Physical preparation</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>4.0 <a href="topic_4-0.html">The Birth Experience</a><ol><li>4.1 <a href="topic_4-1.html">The first hours</a></li><li>4.2 <a href="topic_4-2.html">Labor interventions</a></li><li>4.3 <a href="topic_4-3.html">Postnatal interventions</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>5.0 <a href="topic_5-0.html">Breastfeeding the Baby</a><ol><li>5.1 <a href="topic_5-1.html">Positioning Principles</a></li><li>5.2 <a href="topic_5-2.html">Breastmilk transfer</a></li><li>5.3 <a href="topic_5-3.html">Assessing breastfeeding</a></li></ol></li>
        <li class="current">6.0 <img src="design/bullet_arrow_right.png" alt="*" title="You are here" /><a href="topic_6-0.html">A time to learn</a><ol><li>6.1 <a href="topic_6-1.html">Practical skills</a></li><li>6.2 <a href="topic_6-2.html">Breastfeeding messages</a></li><li>6.3 <a href="topic_6-3.html">Normal growth</a></li><li>6.4 <a href="topic_6-4.html">Sleep</a></li><li>6.5 <a href="topic_6-5.html">Psychological support</a></li><li>6.6 <a href="topic_6-6.html">Discharge planning</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>7.0 <a href="topic_7-0.html">Infant Challenges</a><ol><li>7.1 <a href="topic_7-1.html">Late preterm infant; Non-latching</a></li><li>7.2 <a href="topic_7-2.html">Hypoglycemia; Jaundice</a></li><li>7.3 <a href="topic_7-3.html">Supplementation</a></li><li>7.4 <a href="topic_7-4.html">Crying baby</a></li><li>7.5 <a href="topic_7-5.html">Inadequate weight gain</a><ol><li>7.5.1 <a href="topic_7-5-1.html">Feeding-line device at the breast</a></li><li>7.5.2 <a href="topic_7-5-2.html">Cup feeding</a></li><li>7.5.3 <a href="topic_7-5-3.html">Finger Feeding</a></li><li>7.5.4 <a href="topic_7-5-4.html">Bottle feeding</a></li></ol></li></ol></li>
        <li>8.0 <a href="topic_8-0.html">Maternal Challenges</a><ol><li>8.1 <a href="topic_8-1.html">Engorgement</a></li><li>8.2 <a href="topic_8-2.html">Nipple Pain</a></li><li>8.3 <a href="topic_8-3.html">Breast Problems</a></li><li>8.4 <a href="topic_8-4.html">Insufficient breastmilk</a></li><li>8.5 <a href="topic_8-5.html">Medical, Surgical Issues</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>9.0 <a href="topic_9-0.html">Promotion, Protection and Support</a><ol><li>9.1 <a href="topic_9-1.html">The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes</a></li><li>9.2 <a href="topic_9-2.html">The Baby Friendly Initiative</a></li><li>9.3 <a href="topic_9-3.html">Young Child Feeding</a></li><li>9.4 <a href="topic_9-4.html">Local initiatives</a></li><li>9.5 <a href="topic_9-5.html">Infant feeding in emergencies</a></li></ol></li>
        <li>10.0 <a href="topic_10-0.html">Closing session</a><hr /></li>
        <li class="appendix"> <a href="references.html">List of references</a></li>
        <li class="appendix"> <a href="contents.html">Course contents</a></li>
        <li class="appendix"> <a href="full.html">Print version</a></li>
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